Lub International Union ntawm Biochemistry thiab Molecular Biology systematically faib cov enzymes rau hauv xya pawg loj raws li hom catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv kho.
1. Oxidoreductases
Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb: Catalyze oxidation- txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, piv txwv li, kev hloov ntawm electrons ntawm cov molecules sib txawv. Cov enzymes no feem ntau xav tau coenzymes rau kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov piv txwv xws li oxidases thiab peroxidases. Piv txwv li, qabzib oxidase catalyzes oxidation ntawm qabzib mus rau gluconic acid thiab hydrogen peroxide, thiab yog siv dav hauv kev khaws zaub mov kom inhibit microbial kev loj hlob.
2. Kev hloov pauv
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: Catalyze hloov pauv ntawm pawg ua haujlwm los ntawm ib lub molecule mus rau lwm qhov. Ib qho piv txwv classic yog transaminase, uas hloov cov amino pawg ntawm cov amino acids thiab keto acids, ua cov enzyme tseem ceeb hauv cov metabolism hauv cov protein. Piv txwv li, transglutaminase catalyzes cross-kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein molecules, thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj los txhim kho elasticity ntawm cov khoom nqaij thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom siv mis nyuj.
3. Hydrolases
Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb: Catalyze hydrolysis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov substrates, piv txwv li, rhuav tshem macromolecules rau hauv cov me me los ntawm kev ntxiv cov dej molecules. Cov chav kawm no suav nrog amylases, proteases, lipases, thiab lwm yam . -Amylase hauv qaub ncaug hydrolyzes starch hauv nplej thiab noodles rau hauv maltose, ua rau peb saj qab zib. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic ntawm hydrolases feem ntau yog hloov tsis tau, ua rau lawv lub zog tseem ceeb hauv catabolism ntawm cov khoom hauv cov kab mob muaj sia.
4. Lias
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: Catalyze qhov tsis yog -hydrolytic cleavage lossis tsim cov tshuaj bonds, ua rau molecular cleavage lossis cyclization, nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus feem ntau tsim thaum lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, carbonic anhydrase catalyzes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm carbon dioxide thiab dej los tsim carbonic acid, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev ua zaub mov los tswj cov stability ntawm npuas nyob rau hauv carbonated dej haus.
5. Isomerases
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: Catalyze isomerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov molecules, piv txwv li, kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv spatial lossis tshuaj lom neeg kev sib cog lus yam tsis hloov pauv atomic muaj pes tsawg leeg. Glucose isomerase yog cov isomerase feem ntau siv, feem ntau catalyzing reversible isomerization ntawm qabzib rau fructose. Hauv kev tsim cov siab -fructose pob kws phoov, nws hloov cov piam thaj mus rau hauv fructose los txhim kho qab zib.
6. Ligases
Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb: Catalyze lub ligation ntawm ob lub molecules rau hauv macromolecule, txheej txheem feem ntau xav tau lub zog xws li ATP. Piv txwv li, DNA ligase yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov noob caj noob ces los tsim cov DNA molecules recombinant. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalyzed los ntawm ligases yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv macromolecule synthesis hauv cov kab mob, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xa cov ntaub ntawv genetic kis thiab tshuaj synthesis.
7. Translocases
Cov qeb thib xya, ntxiv rau xyoo 2018, catalyzes thauj cov ions lossis molecules hla cov kab mob lom lossis lawv hloov ntawm cov molecules sib txawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev thauj khoom ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha. Kev suav nrog cov translocases tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm enzyme, npog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev ntawm cov khoom thauj hauv cov kab mob.